Utopi An Island Shaped Like A Crescent - 1081 Words

1. Utopia is an island shaped like a crescent, with eleven miles of sea in-between the top and bottom point that doesn’t have any currents. This sea allows for everyone that lives in Utopia to be able to trade. Entering the bay that surrounds Utopia is dangerous because of the hidden rocks, which are known by the locals, but not by strangers so it is hard for them to enter. There are fifty-four cities, all having the same customs and laws, and all large. The city of Amaurot is near the center of Utopia, which is why it is the city where every year three senators are sent to talk about their concerns. (found on page 45-47) Their geography helped develop their society into one that was isolated from other societies, but very close and similar within its own community. 2. Utopians believe in working hard and working equally. There work day is only six hours, but yet they are very productive. They have plenty of gold and silver, but it does not play a roll in the economy because it is seen as child-like to desire luxuries. Gold and silver are only used to offer to their opponents during war. There is no money, so Utopians always make sure to have more than enough goods so that there is no unfairness. Everyone is trained in agriculture, but everyone has a separate job. 3. Capitalism is an economic system where the trade and industry of a country are maintained and controlled by private owners, rather than the government. Socialism is an economic model of social organization

Astronomy Unsw - Phys 1160 Module 3 Answers - 1818 Words

School of Physics Faculty of Science Moodle Home Announcements User Guides i PHYS1160- ­Introduction to Astronomy T1 2014 You are logged in as Henry Cai (Logout) My courses UNSWA - ­ University of New South Wales SCI - ­ Faculty of Science PHYS - ­ School of Physics Module 3 (Weeks 5- ­6) — Life on Earth and in the Solar System PHYS1160- ­5144_01311 Module 3 Quiz Quiz navigation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Started on State Completed on Time taken Grade Question 1 Correct Mark 5.00 out of 5.00 Flag question Saturday, 19 April 2014, 4:38 PM Finished Saturday, 19 April 2014, 5:30 PM 51 mins 31 secs 100.00 out of a maximum of 100.00 12 13 14 15 16†¦show more content†¦Question 9 Correct Mark 5.00 out of 5.00 Flag question Microscopic organisms known as cyanobacteria are interesting for the following reasons: [SELECT ALL THAT APPLY] Select one or more: A. Oxygen produced by their photosynthesis is thought to be responsible for the great oxygenation event about 2.3 billion years ago. B. The methane they produce is a greenhouse gas that could have helped warm the early Earth, helping to resolve the Early- ­faint- ­Sun paradox. C. The chloroplasts that carry out photosynthesis in green plants are evolutionary descendents of early cyanobacteria. D. They are known to be the earliest forms of life on Earth. Check Correct Marks for this submission: 5.00/5.00. Question 10 Correct Mark 5.00 out of 5.00 Flag question Evidence for life on early Earth (e.g. in the Pre Cambrian) has proved difficult to find because: SELECT ALL THAT APPLY Select one or more: A. rocks from these early times are rare due to the recycling of the Earths crust through plate tectonics B. there was no oxygen in the Earths atmosphere at this time C. life at this time lacked hard parts (such as shells or bones) that fossilise easily D. life had not yet emerged onto land E. life at this time was mostly microbial Check Correct Marks for this

Public Health Promotion Strategy Free Essays

Public Health Promotion Strategy of Lhuntse Introduction Public health is the first priority of a nation as health is the chief priority to man. According to the American Public Health Association, APHA(2001), public health as the practice of preventing diseases and promoting good health within groups of people from small communities to entire countries. The functions of public health include preventing epidemics, monitoring health status of the population, developing policies and laws to protect health, providing health care services at all costs and all activities related to benefiting public and their health. We will write a custom essay sample on Public Health Promotion Strategy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Bhutan, within the confines of China in the north and India in the south, was a late bloomer in to development. Now, 90% of the population has access to basic health care services delivered through a network of 29 hospitals, 176 Basic Health Units and 541 outreach clinics. Of the twenty Dzongkhags or districts in Bhutan, Lhuentse dzongkhag is one of the least developed with eight gewogs. â€Å"Most of the villages are still in accessible with lack of roads and electricity. one hospital, 11 Basic Health Units and 31 Outreach clinics render public health services in the dzongkhag. About 50% of the households have access to piped drinking water supply. †(Ninth five year plan, Bhutan, n. d). This paper plans to focus on studying the public health sector scenario in the particular dzongkhag and improving it. Purpose of the action plan Purpose of the action plan is to promote various factors such as followings †¢To improve maternal health care, it is very essential to provide healthy manner of health services to improve maternal health care to make pregnancy safe. Mother’s education, Mother’s education is the basic knowledge of parenting. †¢To Improvement in food supply and sanitation, improvements in food supply and sanitation will lead to increase life spans and reduce disease. Initiatives taken by the health services such as clean drinking water supply and hygiene directly help in improvement in food supply and sanitation. †¢ To Reduce in Poverty, to make reduction in poverty line . To Change living standard, with the developm ent taking place in the country, living standard of the people has been rapidly changed. Public health Issues and Concerns †¢Lhuentse Dzongkhags has the concern over the issues related to public health as follows; †¢As the morbidity among the children under five year of age and all pregnant women and women in child bearing age was accounted to , Male-767 and Female-642. (PHCB, pg. 191). †¢The number of deliveries of the new born babies attended by health professionals was – 90 pregnant women, whereas, the number of deliverie not attended was recorded to -231 cases as noted in (PHCB, pg. 04). †¢According to PHCB, 2005,The Dzongkhag has also noted the increase in the number of disables that was numbered to 990 people and most were disabled to seeing that was recorded to-327 people. (PHCB,pg. 211) †¢Most of the people in the Dzongkhag had limited access to safe drinking water with the account of 253 households having piped water within house and 2377 households having piped water outside house. (PHCB, pg. 222) 5. The people in the Dzongkhag had limited acces to basic health facility of proper toilet. As, 2143 households had the accessibility to pit latrine and 423 households had no latrines at all (PHCB, pg. 241). The issues also includes, †¢Maternal and child health †¢The lack of nutrition in the diet leading to malnutrition †¢Outbreak of infectious diseases †¢The high alcohol consumption leading to increase in alcohol related diseases (Liver cirrhosis). Public Health Promotion Strategy Their strategies put emphasis on improvement ofquality of services, development of human and institutional capacity, and decentralization with focus on rural access. 1. Enhance the quality of health services To improve the quality of services and further consolidate the infrastructure. Standardization and quality assurance, focusing on diagnostic and healing aspects, and use of appropriate technology. 2. To reach the inaccessible population There are still population groups who are not reached satisfactorily by the health services. Taking into account all of the problems and factors, Out Reach Clinics (ORCs) have been constructed and organized. 3. Strengthen traditional medicine system The traditional medicine system is being strengthened with the emphasis on human resource development through the Institute of Traditional Medicine. This has also been included in the ordinary health services at the hospital. The capacity and productivity of the Pharmaceutical Units have been increased. How to cite Public Health Promotion Strategy, Essay examples

Nutrition is the science that deals with food and Essay Example For Students

Nutrition is the science that deals with food and Essay how the body uses it. All living things need food to live. The food supplies energy, which people need to perform certain actions. Food also provides substances that the body needs to build and repair its tissues and to regulate its organs and organ systems. Food provides certain chemical substances needed in order for a person to maintain good health. These chemical substances are called nutrients. Nutrients can perform three important functions. They provide materials for building, repairing, or maintaining body tissues. They help regulate body processes. They serve as fuel to provide energy. The body needs energy to maintain all its functions. People who do not get enough nutrients are sometimes lazy and are unwilling to work. The foods we eat contain thousands of different chemicals. Our body, however, only needs only a few dozen of these chemicals in order to stay healthy. These are the nutrients that the body needs. Nutrients are divided into six main groups. They are (1)water, (2)carbohydrates, (3)fats, (4)proteins, (5)minerals, (6)vitamins. Water, carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are called macronutrients. Since macro means large, the body needs these four nutrients in large amounts. Minerals and vitamins are called micronutrients (because micro means small). The body needs only small amounts of these nutrients. Water is the most important nutrient. Our bodies can survive without other nutrients for several weeks, but we can only go without water for about one week. Water is needed in great amounts because the body consists largely of water. Between 50 and 75 percent of a normal persons body weight is made up of water. The body needs water to carry out all of its life processes. Watery solutions help dissolve other nutrients and carry them to all of the tissues. The body also needs water to carry away waste products and to cool itself. Adults should drink about 2 1/2 quarts of water every day. The carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are needed because they have nutrients which provide energy. Carbohydrates include all sugars and starches. They are the main source of energy for living things. There are two types of carbohydrates, simple and complex. Simple carbohydrates include sugars and have a simple molecular structure. Complex carbohydrates include starches and have a larger and more complicated molecular structure. The structure consists of many simple carbohydrates linked together. Fats are a highly concentrated source of energy. All fats are composed of an alcohol called glycerol and substances called fatty acids. A fatty acid consists of a long chain of carbon atoms. There are three types of fatty acids. They are saturated, monounsaturated, and polysaturated. This is a chart that describes the amount of fat per serving. The bold words can be found on many food products in the supermarket. Fat free: less than 0.5 grams of fat per serving Saturated fat free: less than 0.5 grams of saturated fat per serving, and the level of trans fatty acids does not exceed 1% of total fat Low fat: 3 gram or less per serving and, if the serving is 30 grams or less or 2 tablespoons or less, per 50 grams of the food Low saturated fat: 1 grams or less per serving and not more than 15% of calories from saturated fatty acids Reduced or Less fat: at least 25% less per serving than compared food Proteins serve as one of the main building materials for the body. Skin, cartilage, muscle, and hair are made up largely of proteins. Protein also contains enzymes which speed up chemical reactions. Cells could not function without these enzymes. Proteins also serve as hormones (chemical messengers) and as antibodies (disease fighting chemicals). Proteins are large, complex molecules made up of smaller units called amino acids. The body must have a sufficient supply of twenty amino acids. It can produce eleven of them in sufficient amounts. .u79e90b822093ef3b255cb1dcbdf0bea4 , .u79e90b822093ef3b255cb1dcbdf0bea4 .postImageUrl , .u79e90b822093ef3b255cb1dcbdf0bea4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u79e90b822093ef3b255cb1dcbdf0bea4 , .u79e90b822093ef3b255cb1dcbdf0bea4:hover , .u79e90b822093ef3b255cb1dcbdf0bea4:visited , .u79e90b822093ef3b255cb1dcbdf0bea4:active { border:0!important; } .u79e90b822093ef3b255cb1dcbdf0bea4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u79e90b822093ef3b255cb1dcbdf0bea4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u79e90b822093ef3b255cb1dcbdf0bea4:active , .u79e90b822093ef3b255cb1dcbdf0bea4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u79e90b822093ef3b255cb1dcbdf0bea4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u79e90b822093ef3b255cb1dcbdf0bea4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u79e90b822093ef3b255cb1dcbdf0bea4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u79e90b822093ef3b255cb1dcbdf0bea4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u79e90b822093ef3b255cb1dcbdf0bea4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u79e90b822093ef3b255cb1dcbdf0bea4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u79e90b822093ef3b255cb1dcbdf0bea4 .u79e90b822093ef3b255cb1dcbdf0bea4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u79e90b822093ef3b255cb1dcbdf0bea4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Leo (401 words) Essay The nine others are called essential amino acids. The body cannot make these amino acids. They must come from food. The best sources of protein are cheese, eggs, lean meat, fish, and milk. The proteins in these foods are called complete proteins. They are called this because they contain adequate amounts of all the essential amino acids. Cereal grains, legumes (plants of the pea family), .

Improvisation Et Caprice Presentation Essay Example

Improvisation Et Caprice Presentation Paper IMPROVISATION ET CAPRICE September 13, 2011 By Eugene Bozza Saxophone Studio Presentation Presented by Robby Avila â€Å"The good man is the only excellent musician, because he gives forth a perfect harmony not with a lyre or other instrument but with the whole of his life. † Plato Eugene Bozza (4 April 1905 – 28 September 1991) Eugene Bozza was a 20th century French musician and talented composer who wrote many important works for not only the saxophone, but for nearly every wind instrument. He was born in Nice on the 4th of April 1905. He studied the arts of composition, conducting, and playing the violin at the Paris Conservatoire. There, he won the Prix de Rome for his work La legend de Roukmani, a cantata based on an Indian legend. After completing his course of study in Paris, he moved to Valenciennes, where he would become the director of the Ecole Nacionale de Musique. There he would remain until his retirement in 1975. Although retired from his major teaching career, he was still an active composer until his death in Valenciennes on the 28th of September 1991. Very gifted in the art of music, he has proven himself to be a highly prolific composer with very important works for many instruments (See outline for a list of the pieces composed for saxophone alone). Although he primarily known for his solo and chamber works, he also composed five symphonies, operas, and ballets. Unfortunately, his larger works are rarely played outside of France. We will write a custom essay sample on Improvisation Et Caprice Presentation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Improvisation Et Caprice Presentation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Improvisation Et Caprice Presentation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Improvisation et Caprice (1952) Written by Eugene Bozza in 1952, this piece is dedicated to the professor of saxophone at the Paris Conservatoire, Marcel Mule, a great French saxophonist and model for saxophone playing. The piece is a challenging work, pushing students with demands of musicality, technique, tone, and rhythm. Not uncommon amongst composers, Bozza often â€Å"plagiarized† from himself, borrowing ideas he had used in earlier works to aid in the composition of a newer one. The Improvisation portion of this piece is no different. It is lifted from the middle section of his Image Op. 32, a piece he had written for unaccompanied flute. Although different in the sense that it transposed down a minor third with an added fermata at the end, all other aspects remain the same. The Caprice portion, however, appears to be completely original in Bozza’s library of compositions. On a related note, the outside sections of his Image appear in another work for saxophone. This composition Piece Breve, another unaccompanied saxophone piece, uses the rest of his musical ideas from Images. After silence, that which comes nearest to expressing the inexpressible is music. † -Aldous Huxley Robby Avila (22 January 1988 – Present) Robby Avila is a Saxophone Performance Major at Kansas State University focusing on saxophone pedagogy, works for wind band, and jazz studies. He was born in Tulsa, OK on the 22nd of January 1988. Before coming to KState, he attended Campus High School in Wichita, KS, where he studied saxophone with Kim Whittemore, Brandon Morse, and Lisa Hittle. In Wichita, he was a member of the Wichita Wind Ensemble, The Kansas Music Ambassadors, and played with the Wichita State University Concert Band and Basketball Band. Upon graduating from high school, he came to Kansas State University and began study with Dr. Anna Marie Wytko. At K-State, he has been an active member in Wind Ensemble, Concert Band, Saxophone Quartet, Jazz Band, Latin Jazz, Jazz Combos, Marching Band, and Cat Band. After completing his course of study, he hopes to continue on to graduate school to further his education and obtain a Master in Music and eventually complete doctorate work.

Root Cause Analysis Example

Root Cause Analysis Example Root Cause Analysis – Term Paper Example Root Cause Analysis: Root Cause Analysis or RCA is a method employed in nursing to scrutinize adverse events. It helps healthcare professionals likenurses in identifying factors which â€Å"underlie variation in performance† (Anderson et al., 2010, p. 8). Events where RCA is worthy of being used are defined in research as â€Å"an unexpected occurrence involving death or serious physical or psychological injury, or the risk thereof† (The Joint Commission, cited in Ewen & Bucher, 2013). The major purpose of the RCA process is to prevent the damage from happening again. This damage may relate to loss of function or intellectual impairment. The RCA team is urged to keep asking â€Å"why† to reduce harm and prevent recurrence after an incident is declared sentinel (Croteau, 2010). The root cause is analyzed after extensive research by team members which includes reviewing all past documents. An incident based on a delayed primary wound closure is worth mentioning her e to demonstrate the importance of RCA. This was the kind of incident which involved future risk and so, it necessitated use of the RCA process. An older female after going through a surgery for excision of a large seroma got admitted to the hospital again for serious post-wound infection. The root cause was identified as absence of information because interrogation of nurses revealed that no documentation was made on packing count in the clinical note. This was a systematic mistake and research also reveals that â€Å"most sentinel events result from systemic problems† (Sorbello, 2008). This incident demanded an immediate RCA because of a positive wound culture observed in the patient (Ewen & Bucher, 2013). References:Anderson, B., Fagerhaug, T., & Beltz, M. (2010). Root Cause Analysis and Improvement in the Healthcare Sector. Milwaukee, WI: ASQ Quality Press. Croteau R.J. (2010). Root Cause Analysis in Health Care: Tools and Technique (4th ed.). IL: Joint Commission Resourc es. Ewen, B.M. & Bucher, G. (2013). Root Cause Analysis: Responding to a Sentinel Event. Home Healthcare Now, 31(8), 435-443. Retrieved from nursingcenter.com/lnc/CEArticle?an=00004045-201309000-00006&Journal_ID=2695880&Issue_ID=1600730 Sorbello, B. (2008). Responding to a sentinel event. ANA, 3(10). Retrieved from americannursetoday.com/responding-to-a-sentinel-event/

Generational Differences About the Use of Technology in the Workplace Research Paper

Generational Differences About the Use of Technology in the Workplace and What Public Managers Can Do About It - Research Paper Example 79). What the introduction of new technology in workplaces seems to be offering are opportunities and a wide variety of services being offered. All things being offered by technology seems to be unified by a single factor; increased productivity and efficiency. On the hand, several companies have been quick to take advantage of technological advancement, adopt these technologies in their office premises, and tout improvements in their business performance that has been significant. With time, the physical office seems to be losing its importance and significance. Therefore, the employees are encouraged to embrace technology and telecommunicate from any locate that they prefer. With the workers physically isolated from each other, it is inevitable for them to suffer a blow in the interpersonal skills and workplace relationship deterioration. With the media hypes on the subject of technology in the past few years, the revolution in business technology would transform slowly with the inventions of new office equipment’s. Those willing to adapt and keep pace with the flexibility and advancement in technological development have chances of surviving and prospering in business world as compared to other business that are not ready to use of technology in their offices (Smola and Sutton, p. 363). In today’s world, business has taken unprecedented twist; it does not happen face-to-face, as many people would think. Instead, in today’s communication is fully depending on calls made from conferences and chains of emails that make it challenging for employees or any business person involved to know his or her partner. Unprecedented laments have also been heard among business people who have been dissatisfied with the advancement in technology in the workplace that has been adopted as the norm in business daily lives. With the increasing number of workers who are

Business Appraisal in the Professional Services Sector Dissertation

Business Appraisal in the Professional Services Sector - Dissertation Example The study made use of secondary data garnered mainly from official reports and pronouncements issued by the company for its shareholders, consumer groups, and the government. Other secondary data were acquired from investment analyses and professional publications, while the financial data were taken from official online databases. Quantitative analysis were conducted to establish relationships between research and development metrics and the firm’s profitability indicators, to determine which measures in the firm’s financial reports relating to software development impacted upon how profitably the firm performance. Qualitative analysis provided an appreciation of the software development process and the value-enhancing strategies that improved Microsoft’s comparative advantage over its rival firms. The study found that the research and development efforts of Microsoft, which principally consists of software development, impacted on the firm’s profitabilit y within two years after the software development effort had taken place. Competitively, Microsoft had benefitted from a strategy of operational competence until the present, but Apple is gradually overtaking it with a more effective method of customer intimacy as its value discipline. Table of Contents Table of Contents 3 List of Tables 5 List of Figures 6 Chapter 1: Introduction 7 1.1Chapter overview 7 1.2 Background of the study 7 1.3 Significance of the study 9 1.4 Research aim and objectives 9 1.5Research questions 10 1.6 Brief description of the data and analysis 10 1.7 Conceptual framework 11 Chapter 2: Literature Review 14 2.1 Chapter overview 14 2.2 The conceptualization of the phrase â€Å"value of Microsoft’s software development† 14 2.3 The organizational dynamics of software development 15 2.4 Microsoft’s software development strategy 17 2.5 Discerning the rationale in code development at Microsoft 20 2.6 Accounting treatment of software development costs 23 2.7 The Conceptual Framework: The Treacy & Wiersema Value Discipline Model 24 Chapter 3: Methodology 29 3.1 Chapter overview 29 3.2 Research strategy 29 3.3Description of variables used in the quantitative study 31 3.4 Statistical model and treatment used in the study 34 3.5Data collection method 35 3.6 Sampling method and size 36 3.7 Data analysis 36 3.8 Scope and Limitation 37 3.9 Ethical considerations 37 Chapter 4: Data and Discussion 39 4.1 Chapter Overview 39 4.2 Microsoft’s Product Innovation and Momentum 39 4.3 Perceived implementation of Microsoft’s corporate strategy 41 4.4 Human resources management at Microsoft 43 4.5 Assessment of Microsoft’s operating performance 44 4.6 Competitive values dimension comparison among Microsoft, Apple and Google 49 4.7 Results of statistical correlation studies 54 Chapter 5: Conclusion 62 5.1 Chapter overview 62 5.2 Summary of the research findings 62 5.3 Conclusion 67 5.4 Limitation of the findings and conc lusion 68 References: 70 Appendices 74 List of Tables Table 1: Examples of incumbent and entrant software products 18 Table 2: Criteria to measure the disruptive potential of an innovation in software markets 19 Table 3: Comparison of â€Å"Waterfall† and Microsoft development processes 20 Table 4: Revenues and income per business segment 44 Table 5: Growth rates of Microsoft’s yearend revenues and operating income for 2011 46 Table 6: Direct competitor comparison 47 Table

Fine Arts Lesson 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Fine Arts Lesson 2 - Essay Example This is because meaning to symbols has to be given otherwise the other person would not be able to understand the context of the message. In the above pictogram, the reader would have the context of the English language in mind so he would not have to depend on any key. Pictograms in today’s world are used as symbols and icons. They are employed in sign language, as icons in our computers and also as road signs. The use of pictogram in such areas goes away with the need for words that would occupy more space and would require more time to read. In case of road signs such as U-turn and Danger signs, the viewer reads these signs quickly and thus response is fast. Part 2: Art as a Window into Culture The Seated Gudea is a sculpture of Mesopotamian King Gudea of Lagash, belonging to the Neo-Sumerian period. The sculpture was commissioned by the King himself but the sculptor is unknown. In this sculpture, the king is depicted as a pious person who remains seated with hands clasped in a prayer-like position. Inscriptions are seen on the robe of the King, telling the story of the King who built the temple. The Akkadian relief sculpture of King Naram-Sin of Akkad depicts the victory of King Naram-Sin over the Lullubi. This relief sculpture was probably intended to become a monument. Both the sculptures are praise to their Kings. In the ancient times, the Kings used art to express their greatness. However, the subject of both the paintings is different in a manner of their emotions. King Gudea is shown as a humble person whose contribution to his people is the building of the temple. Gudea is depicted in this sculpture as a humble and peaceful person. In the case of King Naram-Sin of Akkad, the King is the opposite of humble as he basks in the light of his victory over the Lullubi. The King here is proud of his accomplishments and believes in his own might. This shows how the cultures differed as Gudea had strong religious beliefs while King Naram-Sin was sure of his own capabilities. 3. Reflection Assignment: The Evolution of Pyramid Design Pyramids were built in Ancient Egypt primarily for the purpose of serving as tombs for the Pharaohs, their queens and their entire ruling family. However, these Pyramids represent the architectural geniuses of the people who built these structures. Pyramids are great collectors of energy. Another seemingly interesting fact about the shape of the pyramids is the method of decomposition that occurs to the bodies inside the tomb. Rather than stinking or smelling, these pyramid structures lead to the mummification of the body. The Pyramids of Giza are the most functional and elaborate of the Pyramid Design. The Pyramids of Khufu and Cheops in Giza are built based on the Earth’s basic geophysical data linked with the Pyramid’s dimensions. Also being the largest pyramid, The Pyramid of Khufu also acts as radar. Thus these Pyramids not just serve the purpose of being tombs but in the greater cont ext are architectural relics. 4. Writing Assignment: Lasting Monuments One monument that I believe would be a lasting monument in this age would be the Sydney Opera House located in Sydney, Australia. There are two reasons behind this choice. The first is apparently the architectural beauty of the building. The building has become an icon for Sydney in the same way that people remember India by its Taj Mahal,

Impact of the Discretionary Social Fund

Impact of the Discretionary Social Fund The Discretionary Social Fund: Discretion but Little Valour! The introduction of the Social Fund in 1988 was politically driven. Prior to its introduction, there were available a series of grants (â€Å"Single Payments†) which were available as of right. The imperative which drove the measure was the need to constrain the ever-burgeoning Social Security budget. Of course, certain of the stated aims were superficially laudable[1]: â€Å"To concentrate attention and help on those applicants facing greatest difficulties in managing on their income; To enable a more varied response to inescapable individual need than could be achieved under the previous rules; To break new ground in the field of community care† However, it might be argued that in pursuing the aims of containing the Social Security budget without adversely affecting the efficiency of the main Income Support scheme, the three objectives described above have become neglected or even prejudiced. So much so that the Select Committee on Social Security[2] has questioned whether the Fund has succeeded in its stated objective of helping the poorest and most vulnerable in society and has urged the Government radically to reassess (â€Å"urgent overhaul and an injection of funds†) the working of the fund, in particular â€Å"so that it may work to enhance the strategy to reduce child poverty, rather than work against it†. Particular concern has been expressed by charities working in the field of child poverty[3]. The Discretionary Social Fund operates within fiscal policies and weightings and is subject to cash limits for each administrative area. This gives rise to criticism that applications to the Fund are subject to both a â€Å"postcode† and a â€Å"calendar lottery†. The components of the Social Fund are: Community Care Grants (â€Å"CCGsâ€Å"); Budgeting Loans; and Crisis Loans. By contrast with the previous system, the availability of grants as opposed to loans has become severely restricted. The FWA[4] acknowledges that while CCGs are intended to help people remain or re-establish themselves within the community: â€Å"†¦decisions are discretionary and are subject to cash limits, what counts as exceptional pressure can vary and the Social Fund Inspectors regularly see cases that have been refused when qualifying conditions have been met and a payment should have been granted.† More pernicious still is the shift in emphasis to loans. This may be presented politically as an admirable social objective, discouraging continued reliance on â€Å"hand outs† and encouraging a sense of financial self-discipline and responsibility. In reality, the insistence upon repayment militates against the escape from poverty of those of the most limited means. The principle which underlies Budgeting Loans is again admirable: interest free lending to those who are in difficulty budgeting after a period on benefits and usually used for the purchase of essential household items such as beds and cookers. Admittedly they provide invaluable support to those who are unable to access other forms of credit and are directly repayable from benefit thus ensuring repayment discipline. However, they are also subject to the â€Å"postcode lottery† described above and the repayment rates are high and inflexible (78 weeks at between 5%-25% of benefit). Strict rules discourage repeat applications or â€Å"topping up†. The end result is a failure adequately to meet the needs of many poor families giving rise to particular concern for the welfare of the children within such households. This is as a result of what should have been predicted to be an unacceptable imkpact upon weekly income: benefit rates are by definition calculated to meet the su bsistence expenses of the family unit in question. Deductions from such a minimal level of income cannot fail to lead to hardship. However, a more positive evaluation of the Social Fund is supplied by the Department for Work and Pensions[5] which describes it as â€Å"an extremely important and highly valued source of financial support for recipients. It had a positive impact on recipients’ life situation, and made a considerable difference to the housing condition in which people lived.† However, in common with the FWA, the authors of this report acknowledge that â€Å"there was limited knowledge of rules and eligibility criteria among recipients† and â€Å"there may also be scope to providing more training to staff on some of the barriers that recipients face when applying† and to â€Å"offer financial advice to recipients when providing information on the Social Fund†. There are also glaring deficiencies in the procedure by which Social Fund decisions may be reviewed. Dissatisfied claimants may seek internal reviews of initial decisions and further review by the Social Fund Inspectors of the Independent Review Service of the Social Fund. Such decisions are themselves susceptible to judicial review. However, as Pick and Sunkin[6] question: â€Å"Created out of compromise, is the IRS review system to be regarded as an administrative device for deflecting criticism of an unsound system by means of symbolic due process..?† It is not possible in a submission of this length to do more than scratch the surface of the impact of the discretionary social fund. However, as has been demonstrated, the system is fundamentally flawed in principle and defective in operation. There is an appalling parallel with the operation of the much-maligned Child Support Agency. The latter was born of a political desire to reduce the burden imposed on the social security budget by feckless parents but has in many instances signally failed to deliver benefit to the intended recipients. The loan-dominated mechanism of the Social Fund similarly fails to meet the avowed social policy objectives of the government. Bibliography Buck, T. Smith, R., A Critical Literature Review of the Social Fund, (Summary Report) for The National Audit Office (7 April 2004) Department for Work and Pensions, The Discretionary Social Fund and Money Management, Research Report No 241 (2005) Family Welfare Association, ‘Like it or Lump It’, A Role for the Social Fund in Ending Child Poverty, April 2002 Pick, K. Sunkin, M., The Changing Impact of Judicial Review: The Independent Review Service of the Social Fund, (2001) PL 736 Select Committee on Social Security, Third Report, The Social Fund: A Lifeline for the Poor Or the Fund that Likes to Say No? (2001) HC 232 Footnotes [1] Select Committee on Social Security, Third Report, The Social Fund: A Lifeline for the Poor Or the Fund that Likes to Say No? (2001) HC 232, para.1 [2] Op. Cit., paras.117-118 [3] Family Welfare Association, ‘Like it or Lump It’, A Role for the Social Fund in Ending Child Poverty, April 2002 [4] Op. Cit., Chapter 2 [5] Department for Work and Pensions, The Discretionary Social Fund and Money Management, Research Report No 241 (2005), p.5 [6] Pick, K. Sunkin, M., The Changing Impact of Judicial Review: The Independent Review Service of the Social Fund, (2001) PL 736 at p.740

Indigenous People of the Congo Essay -- Anthropology, Mbuti, Culture

The Congo is the home to a nomadic group of hunters-gatherers known as the Mbuti. The Mbuti are one of the oldest indigenous people of the Congo region of Africa. The Mbuti is an egalitarian society, and the band is their highest form of socialization. Bands are based on principles of teamwork and sharing. The bands are composed of about fifteen to sixty families. The Mbuti reside in the Ituri forest, a tropical rainforest in the northern part of the Congo River Basin. The forest is named after the Ituri River. The Mbuti have lived in the rainforest for more than six thousand years. According to Turnbull (1968), â€Å"The first recorded reference to the Mbuti dates back to a story of an expedition to the area by Egyptians around 2250 B.C. where the Mbuti were referred to as people of the trees.† The Mbuti see the forest as mother and father and themselves as its children. The Mbuti life cycle consists of birth, puberty, marriage, and death. Each transition corresponds with the defining child, youth, adult, and elderly age groups. Mbuti make three very significant transitions in life from childhood which includes birth, to youth including puberty, to adulthood containing marriage, and finally old age which eventually leads to death. The roles and duties found within each age group are important because personal identity is defined by Mbuti’s role in society. The term BaMbuti refers to all the different cultures within the Ituri forest. The forest region has rivers and lakes, and also has a high amount of rain. The dry season is short, and lasts one to two months. The country’s capital and larges... ...d propagating the Catholic faith and took Congolese to Portugal for study. The first missionary group arrived in 1491 and consisted of Franciscan and Dominican priests (Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2007) The Congo king was baptized and a large church was built at the royal capital, which was renamed San Salvador. The King’s son was concerted and sent away for training to eventually put the Catholic Church in power for many years. However, the Yaka invasion of the 16th century shook the kingdom. Toward the end of the century, traders who began buying and selling slaves drove missionaries out of the country. In the 19th century when the Belgians arrived there was not a trace left of this once influential kingdom or the two and one-half centuries of Catholic evangelism and church planting (Riddle, & McGavran, 1979).